Contested facts · veracity-3pt · fact-multivitamins-01

Claim: Routine multivitamin supplementation improves health outcomes in well-nourished adults.

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Divergence

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Refusal rate

Models

Where each model stands

CCG

refutedcontestedsupported

ChatGPT modal refuted [refuted, refuted, refuted, refuted, refuted] · stability 1.00

1 refuted 0.95 The answer states clearly: "Short answer: No — for well-nourished adults, routine daily multivitamin supplementation is not supported by the best available evidence..." and concludes: "Routine multivitamin pills are not a proven way to improve health outcomes in well‑nourished adults."
2 refuted 0.95 "No—routine daily multivitamin use has not been shown to meaningfully improve health outcomes for well‑nourished adults," and large trials/reviews show little or no benefit for mortality, CVD, or most cancers.
3 refuted 0.95 "No — for generally well-nourished adults, routine daily multivitamin/mineral supplements have not been shown to improve major health outcomes (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, most cancers, or cognition) in a clinically meaningful way.", which directly rejects the claim.
4 refuted 0.95 The answer states: “No — for adults who are already well nourished, routine daily multivitamin supplementation has not been shown to improve major health outcomes…,” directly refuting the claim.
5 refuted 0.95 "Short answer: No — for generally well‑nourished adults, routine daily multivitamin use has not been shown to meaningfully improve major health outcomes..."

Claude modal refuted [refuted, refuted, refuted, refuted, refuted] · stability 1.00

1 refuted 0.92 The answer states that large randomized controlled trials show 'minimal to no benefit' for multivitamins in reducing major diseases, mortality, or cognitive decline in healthy, well-nourished populations, and concludes 'the claim is overstated for healthy, adequately nourished adults' with no demonstrated benefit for routine supplementation.
2 refuted 0.92 The answer directly contradicts the claim by stating 'The claim is not well-supported by current evidence for well-nourished adults' and presents multiple major studies showing no health benefits (Physicians' Health Study II, Women's Health Initiative, SELECT Trial) and identifying potential harms from routine supplementation in well-nourished populations.
3 refuted 0.95 Major systematic reviews and large randomized controlled trials show routine multivitamins provide 'minimal to no benefit' for well-nourished adults. The answer cites specific studies (Physicians' Health Study II, Women's Health Initiative) and Cochrane reviews finding 'insufficient evidence supporting routine supplementation for disease prevention in nutrient-sufficient populations.'
4 refuted 0.92 The answer states 'The claim is overstated' and concludes that 'For well-nourished adults, routine multivitamins appear to be largely ineffective for improving major health outcomes.' Major trials show 'no significant reduction' in cardiovascular events, 'no reduction in cancer incidence,' and 'no consistent reduction in all-cause mortality.'
5 refuted 0.92 The answer explicitly states the claim is 'largely unsupported' by rigorous research, citing major high-quality studies (Physicians' Health Study II, VITAL Study, Cochrane Reviews) that found no significant benefits for well-nourished adults, concluding 'routine multivitamins show: No clear mortality benefit, Minimal disease prevention, No harm in most cases (but also no benefit)'

Gemini modal refuted [refuted, refuted, refuted, refuted, refuted] · stability 1.00

1 refuted 0.98 The answer directly refutes the claim, stating it is 'not supported by major scientific and clinical evidence' and that supplementation provides 'no demonstrated benefit for preventing chronic disease or prolonging life' in well-nourished adults.
2 refuted 0.99 The answer concludes that the claim is 'Largely Unsupported by Scientific Evidence' and explicitly states that for well-nourished adults, 'routine multivitamin supplementation provides no measurable reduction in chronic disease or mortality.'
3 refuted 1.00 The answer gives a verdict of 'False' and states that 'Current clinical evidence and major medical guidelines do not support the claim that routine multivitamin supplementation improves health outcomes... in well-nourished adults.'
4 refuted 0.95 The answer concludes that 'for healthy, well-nourished adults, routine multivitamin supplementation does not significantly improve health outcomes, reduce chronic disease, or prolong life.'
5 refuted 0.99 The answer directly counters the claim, stating 'Verdict: Not Supported by Evidence' and noting that 'routine multivitamin and mineral (MVM) supplementation does not significantly improve major health outcomes'.

Change over time

No change from the prior run — every model's modal stance held.

Every stance label is a derived judgment over the model's free-text answer, kept auditable against the original transcript in the run's raw data. Method: /methodology.