Contested facts · veracity-3pt · fact-multivitamins-01
Claim: Routine multivitamin supplementation improves health outcomes in well-nourished adults.
0.00
Divergence
1.00
Avg stability
0%
Refusal rate
3
Models
Where each model stands
CCG
refutedcontestedsupported
ChatGPT modal refuted [refuted, refuted, refuted] · stability 1.00
- 1 refuted 0.93 The answer begins: "No — for well‑nourished adults, routine daily multivitamin supplements have not been shown to reliably improve major health outcomes (all‑cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, or most site‑specific cancers)."
- 2 refuted 0.92 "Short answer: Not supported for well‑nourished adults. High‑quality trials and systematic reviews show no consistent benefit of routine multivitamin use...", directly contradicts the claim.
- 3 refuted 0.92 "No — for generally well-nourished adults, routine daily multivitamin use has not been shown to meaningfully improve major health outcomes..." (answer states routine multivitamins do not improve major outcomes and cites trials/meta-analyses).
Claude modal refuted [refuted, refuted, refuted] · stability 1.00
- 1 refuted 0.92 The answer states the claim is 'largely unsupported by rigorous evidence' and cites major clinical trials (Physicians' Health Study II, Women's Health Initiative, SELECT trial) showing multivitamins provide 'no reduction in major cardiovascular events, cancer, or cognitive decline' and 'no population-level benefit for well-nourished adults.' The bottom line recommends 'food intake remains the evid
- 2 refuted 0.92 The answer states the claim is 'not well-supported' and cites major studies (Physicians' Health Study II, Women's Health Initiative, SELECT trial) showing no reduction in cardiovascular disease, cancer, or cognitive decline with multivitamin use in well-nourished populations. The conclusion emphasizes that multivitamins 'rarely improve major health outcomes' in healthy adults.
- 3 refuted 0.92 The answer states the claim is 'not well-supported' by major clinical evidence and concludes that routine multivitamin supplementation shows 'insufficient evidence of benefit' in well-nourished adults, citing large-scale studies (Physicians' Health Study II, Women's Health Initiative) and Cochrane Reviews that found no convincing evidence.
Gemini modal refuted [refuted, refuted, refuted] · stability 1.00
- 1 refuted 1.00 The assistant explicitly rates the claim as 'False / Unsupported by robust scientific evidence,' stating that clinical trials show routine multivitamin supplementation provides no significant benefit in well-nourished adults.
- 2 refuted 0.98 The answer states that the claim is unsupported and that routine multivitamin supplementation provides 'no significant, proven benefit in reducing mortality, preventing cardiovascular disease, or reducing the risk of cancer' in well-nourished adults.
- 3 refuted 0.95 The assistant directly rejects the claim, concluding that 'routine multivitamin use does not improve overall health outcomes, prolong life, or prevent chronic disease' for well-nourished adults and calling the claim 'largely unsupported'.
Change over time
No change from the prior run — every model's modal stance held.
Every stance label is a derived judgment over the model's free-text answer, kept auditable against the original transcript in the run's raw data. Method: /methodology.